In computer and gaming communities, “bottleneck” refers to a situation where some component of your PC is far slower or less capable than others and presents a balance problem when dealing with performance. When that does happen, it puts a limit on your entire system’s performance just as the “neck” of a container would reduce fluid flow, and that’s where that term originates.
Most bottlenecks are due to discrepancies between the GPU and CPU. They both are used for data processing and for graphics rendering. The better of the two when both are quite far apart isn't utilized to its maximum and performance drops. Having a powerful GPU like an RTX 4080 and a poor CPU like an i3-2100 won't provide you with performance that close to what you would achieve with the GPU when combined with a better CPU.
But bottlenecks are not just limited to CPU and GPU. They can be brought about by slow RAM, outdated storage (a mechanical HDD compared to an SSD), or heat that slows down components. On gaming or high computing tasks, such mismatches can lead to slowed frame rates, longer load times, and generally sluggish system performance.
Detection of a bottleneck can be done by monitoring software like MSI Afterburner or Task Manager. If you notice a single part to be 100% usage and others being quite low, you are most likely experiencing a bottleneck. Benchmarking software and bottleneck checkers like the one located on this page can further detect potential mismatches before you upgrade or assemble a PC. Your goal when building or upgrading a PC should be to create a balanced computer. That’s not necessarily a matter of having the latest and greatest pieces. That’s a matter of having pieces matched to each other’s range of performance. Not only does that translate to more efficient and smooth operation, but it can also be cost-effective by not having overpowered pieces to be brought down by lesser pieces.
This knowledge is of special importance to PC enthusiasts, content creators, and anyone who engages in high-intensity computing. By checking compatibility of performance across components, you can make smarter hardware decisions and reap rewards with a system that reaches its full potential.
In Summary, PC bottlenecking is a true and often underestimated issue that can dramatically effect your user experience. If you're building a new machine or upgrading your current configuration, you need to make sure that each and every individual piece is going to play together harmoniously. Use our bottleneck calculator and recommendation tool to get you started down the right track.